"On the one hand, we’re walling the Palestinians in but, on the other hand, if you kind of zoom out and look at the Middle East, you’ll see that Israel is the one that’s walled in. It’s this island that is losing touch with its neighbors," said Israeli academic and author Neve Gordon. Israel’s eight-meter high wall in the West Bank is now in its tenth year of construction. As of April 2012, 434 kilometers, or almost 62 percent of the total length of the wall, had been completed.

In June, Israel announced that construction would resume on a section of the wall in the Gush Etzion settlement bloc near Bethlehem. Building of the section around Maale Adumim, one of the largest Israeli settlements in the West Bank, is expected to start next year.

"Whatever is on the other side of the wall is a monster, is an unknown, is something you fear. So it does definitely increase the level of animosity, hate and so forth because it is an unknown and it’s a frightening unknown," Gordon said.

The Israeli government promotes the wall as a way to protect Israeli civilians from Palestinian violence. Palestinians say that the wall, which cuts deep into the occupied West Bank, is a means for Israel to seize more Palestinian land.

When finished, the wall is expected to annex 530 square kilometers of Palestinian land, equivalent to the area of Chicago, the United States’ third largest city, according to the Palestinian human rights group Al Haq.

Keeping Africans out

But Israel’s push to erect walls and fences around itself doesn’t end in the West Bank; construction of a 230-kilometer fence along Israel’s southern boundary with Egypt is moving forward at a frantic pace, in an attempt to keep African asylum seekers out.

Ironically, asylum seekers in Israel who now number approximately 60,000 are themselves involved in the building of the fence and its infrastructure. Most of them have reached Israel through the Egyptian Sinai desert.

"I feel like I’m doing something against myself," said 29-year-old Mohammad Anur Adam, a refugee from Darfur in western Sudan, who spent eight months building a road that the Israeli military and police will use to patrol the fence.

"There is no work, that’s why," Adam said from his home in Eilat, Israel’s southernmost city, only a few kilometers from Egypt.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu says the fence is necessary to maintain peaceful relations with Egypt. "To continue the peace, there must be security and to this end a fence is necessary," he has said. "Its rapid construction is important for both peace and security."

Netanyahu announced early this year that once the fence along Israel’s boundary with Egypt is completed, Israel would build one along the boundary with Jordan.

Even before this announcement, Jordanian King Abdullah II said in interview with The Wall Street Journal in September last year that "Israel has to decide; does it want to be part of the neighborhood or does it want to be fortress Israel?"

Desire to be gated

Israeli historian Ilan Pappe said Israel’s "fortress" mentality is nothing new, and is a product of early Zionist thinking.

"The main Zionist and later Israeli impulse was not to be part of the Middle East but to belong to Europe," Pappe said. "Whether they have real or imaginary enemies in their own state or on the state’s borders, the Israeli Jewish society voluntarily wishes to be gated so as not blend with the 'primitive’ Palestinian or Arab environment."

Pappe believes the Israeli siege mentality forces the state to deal with its neighbors only through force, which in turn isolates it even more from the larger Middle East.

"Breaking down the real and imaginary walls can only be done when Israel, absurdly the strongest military power in the region, will be courageous enough to give up some of its privileges and make Israel and Palestine a more equal state and accept that it is part of the Middle East, its problems and solutions."

In June, the Israeli authorities completed construction of a seven-meter high wall separating the country from Lebanon. The wall — equipped with cameras and motion detection sensors — covers approximately 1,200 meters.